RESUMO
RESUMEN La obstrucción del conducto nasolacrimal (OCNL) o dacrioestenosis consiste en una canalización incompleta de dicho conducto. El cuadro clínico se presentó a las 2-6 semanas de edad y se caracteriza por epifora y secreción mucopurulenta. Genera diversas complicaciones, como la dacriocistitis aguda, una inflamación supurativa caracterizada por dolor, eritema e hinchazón; que puede evolucionar a un absceso lagrimal, celulitis preseptal y puede complicarse a celulitis orbitaria, absceso orbitario, trombosis del seno cavernoso, trombosis de la vena oftálmica superior y meningitis. Se presenta el caso de un lactante de siete meses 28 días de vida extrauterina con antecedente de prematuridad, diagnóstico de Tetralogía de Fallot y dacrioestenosis en ojo derecho. A su ingreso a emergencia, se evidenció eritema, aumento de calor local, secreción sero-amarillenta, consistencia dura con dolor a la palpación y edema periorbitario derecho. Clínicamente se concluyó en el diagnóstico de dacriocistitis aguda.
SUMMARY The obstruction of the nasolacrimal conduct or dacryostenosis is the result of an incomplete canalization of such a conduct. The clinical manifestations start 2-3 weeks after birth and are characterized by epiphora and muco-purulent discharge. Dacryostenosis may lead to several complications such as acute dacrocystitis, that is a suppurative inflammation characterized by pain, erythema and swollen that can evolve to a lacrimal abscess, pre-septal cellulitis, orbital cellulitis, orbital abscess, cavernous sinus thrombosis, thrombosis of the superior ophthalmic vein and meningitis.
RESUMO
There has been a growing interest in the potential of stem cell transplantation as therapy for pediatric brain injuries. Studies in pre-clinical models of pediatric brain injury such as Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) and neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) have contributed to our understanding of the roles of endogenous stem cells in repair processes and functional recovery following brain injury, and the effects of exogenous stem cell transplantation on recovery from brain injury. Although only a handful of studies have evaluated these effects in models of pediatric TBI, many studies have evaluated stem cell transplantation therapy in models of neonatal HI which has a considerable overlap of injury pathology with pediatric TBI. In this review, we have summarized data on the effects of stem cell treatments on histopathological and functional outcomes in models of pediatric brain injury. Importantly, we have outlined evidence supporting the potential for stem cell transplantation to mitigate pathology of pediatric TBI including neuroinflammation and white matter injury, and challenges that will need to be addressed to incorporate these therapies to improve functional outcomes following pediatric TBI.
